The utility model provides an air inlet and exhaust structure of an endoscopic surgery access device. The device is arranged on an endoscopic surgery access device. The endoscopic surgery access device comprises a connecting ring and a sealing structure arranged at one end of the connecting ring. The connecting ring comprises an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel, one end of the air inletchannel and one end of the air outlet channel are communicated with the inner side of the connecting ring, and a height difference exists between the end, communicated with the inner side of the connecting ring, of the air inlet channel and the end, communicated with the inner side of the connecting ring, of the air outlet channel. The connecting ring is simple in structure and reasonable in design, gas can be effectively inflated into the connecting ring, targeted exhaust can be achieved, and the problem that gas entering the gas inlet channel is directly exhausted through the exhaust channel can be effectively solved.