The utility model relates to a vacuum adsorption device for machining archaized grooves in wood floor surfaces. The vacuum adsorption device structurally comprises a multi-partition vacuum adsorption platform 4, a combined sealing ring 5, a vacuum tube A 6, a vacuum tube B 7, a vacuum tube C 8, an electromagnetic valve A 9, an electromagnetic valve B 10, an electromagnetic valve C 11, a vacuum pump A 12, a vacuum pump B 13 and a vacuum pump C 14. A floor clamping method includes gradually vacuumizing from the middle of one engineered wood floor to two ends in partitions for adsorption. The device has the advantages that the vacuum adsorption platform is divided into five adsorption partitions, gradually vacuumizing from the middle to two ends in partitions is realized, the bent engineered wood floor is adsorbed gradually, flattened gradually and finally fully adsorbed and flattened, and vacuum adsorption clamping can be realized without the aid of labor or other modes; numerical control, automation and continuous production in machining of the archaized grooves in the surfaces of the engineered wood floor are realized beneficially.