The utility model belongs to the field of engine auxiliary parts, in particular to a desert environment heavy-duty vehicle engine air intake filtration device which aims at solving the problem of air intake of a high-power engine under the desert environment, and ensuring that vehicles can normally work under severe environments of desert, dustiness and the like. The filtration device comprises a prefilter, a dry-type air filter connected with the bottom of the prefilter, and a rainproof cap located on the top of the dry-type air filter, wherein a big spinning disk is arranged on an inlet of the prefilter, a small spinning disk is arranged on an inlet of the dry-type air filter, and the interior of the dry-type air filter is provided with two filter elements. The filtration device is suitable for the desert environment with huge sand and wind and big dust particles, simple in structure, and good in filtration effect. According to experimental verification, air intake flow of a system reaches 37 cubic meters per minute, resistance is just 30 millibars, sealing performance is good, the structure is compact, and reliability is strong.