The utility model discloses a chopping tool mark machining device which comprises a scraping tool, a swing frame for mounting the scraping tool, an air cylinder connected with one end of the swing frame as well as a delivery mechanism for enabling a board to move; the swing frame is driven to swing through changing the ventilation sequence of an upper cavity and a lower cavity in the air cylinder and the air pressure so as to machine chopping tool marks on the upper surface of the board, thus the chopping tool marks are machined mechanically, the machining efficiency is improved, and moreover, the depths of the chopping tool marks, the lengths of the chopping tool mark areas, the intervals of the chopping tool mark areas as well as the distribution of the chopping tool marks on the width direction of the board can be regulated, thus the machined chopping tool marks have no regular shape, and the simulation effect of manual operation is obtained. The chopping tool mark machining device is simple in structure, and low in manufacturing cost; and the chopping tool mark machining method on the surface of an antiquing board by utilizing the chopping tool mark machining device has the advantages of good antiquing effect, high production efficiency, low production cost and the like, and can be widely applied to surface machining and production manufacture of boards.