The utility model provides a device and a box for treating samples. The device comprises a sample cavity, a device for controlling fluid flow and a device for increasing gas pressure, wherein the sample cavity is connected with the device for controlling the fluid flow, and the device for increasing the gas pressure is used for increasing the gas pressure in the sample cavity. According to the utility model, the pressure in the sample cavity is greater than ambient pressure to ensure that fluid in the cavity can smoothly flow out of the cavity; particularly when sample size is less, the flow and the flow rate can also be guaranteed because of the gas pressure in the sample cavity; and then the sample size needed by the next detection is guaranteed and the detection accuracy is guaranteed; and the samples can rapidly flow out of the sample cavity by means of the increased gas pressure so that the sample treating efficiency is increased and the time for completing the whole detection is saved on the whole. The device provided by the utility model can also be combined with a collection device and a detection device so as to form integration of sample collection, treating and detection. The device is lightweight, convenient for transportation or carrying and particularly suitable for household use.