An efficient and energy-saving spraying-type suction pump makes full use of the advantages of surfaces of vaporific water, can effectively transfer mass, heat and energy, and can further complete a plurality of technological processes such as temperature reduction, washing, evacuation, delivery, absorption and dedusting of gas. In the suction pump, a high-speed water spray nozzle is installed in the center position of a cross section of a gas pipeline as per the gas delivery direction; a cyclone separator is connected to the other end of the gas pipeline; an exhaust pipeline is connected with the top end of the cyclone separator; a liquid storage tank is connected with the lower part of the cyclone separator; the bottom of the liquid storage tank is connected with a centrifugal pump; and an outlet pipeline of the centrifugal pump is connected to the high-speed water spray nozzle. Liquid with appropriate amount is perfused in the liquid storage tank; the centrifugal pump is started up; the liquid is pressurized by the centrifugal pump, is atomized by the high-speed water spray nozzle and is jetted out at a high speed, so that the kinetic energy is transmitted to the gas in the pipeline; and after the speed of the gas and the liquid in the pipeline is balanced, the gas and the liquid enter the cyclone separator, the separated gas is discharged through the exhaust pipeline, the separated liquid enters the liquid storage tank arranged at the lower part for cycle use, and a low-pressure area is formed at the back of the high-speed water spray nozzle at the same time, thereby completing the processes of gas suction and delivery.