A real-time measurement device for explosion class of wood powder comprises a laser, an optical splitter, a multi-core fiber, an initial light intensity detection module, an air chamber, a measurementpoint light intensity detection module, a local area network module and an upper computer, wherein light source signal transmission is achieved between the laser and the optical splitter by the fiber, one end of the multi-core fiber is connected with the optical splitter, the other end of the multi-core fiber is connected with the initial light intensity detection module and the measurement pointlight intensity detection module, and the air chamber is arranged at a position of which concentration is needed to be measured in a factory. The invention also discloses a measurement method. An explosion parameter can be accurately forecasted according to an actual concentration value in a production environment, the forecast accuracy is high, and the real-time measurement device can be used for estimating of an explosion control device and also can be used for achieving real-time early-warning; and moreover, the real-time measurement device is simple in structure and low in production cost, a plurality of measurement points can be arranged in a processing occasion, and intelligent monitoring of the whole processing occasion is achieved.