The present invention provides a detection kit and detection method for the drift or deposition characteristic of a sprayed droplet. The detection kit of the present invention comprises a detection membrane on which an immobilized probe is cured, a transition probe capable of specifically binding to the immobilized probe, and a chromogenic probe capable of specifically binding to the transition probe and having a biotin label. The transition probe is added to an agricultural spray liquor as a tracer agent. After spraying, the transition probe is specifically bound to the immobilized probe on the detection membrane. The chromogenic probe having the biotin label is bound to the transition probe by means of hybridization technology. After chromogenic treatment is performed, the amount of droplets is determined according to shading, and a droplet deposition parameter is determined according to the position and size of a chromogenic point. The method of the present invention can not only perform qualitative detection on the drift or deposition distribution of sprayed droplets, but also perform quantitative determination on the drift or deposition amount of the droplets, the coverage density of the droplets, and the particle size of the droplets, to accurately learn about the degree of spraying, improve the utilization rate of a pesticide or a liquid fertilizer, and reduce environmental pollution.