The invention discloses a millimeter wave communication system multi-beam multi-user resource allocation method, and belongs to the technical field of fifth-generation mobile communication. Accordingto the method, a plurality of wave beams are deployed on a base station in a same-frequency mode, a spatial domain is equally divided into a plurality of areas, and each wave beam rotates in the corresponding area so as to cover the area and serve users in the area; and in each scheduling time slot, to-be-allocated users of the beams in the first area are determined firstly, and then to-be-allocated users of the beams in the next adjacent region are determined in sequence. According to the method, a beam resource utility function is constructed on the basis of differentiated service requirements, user fairness, time delay and user cache, the service quality of the network can be effectively represented, and a multi-user multi-beam resource allocation optimization model is constructed by taking maximization of the utility of total network users as a target function. According to the method, efficient distribution of multiple beams is realized through two processes of beam selection anduser scheduling, and the service quality of the network can be effectively improved.