The invention discloses an axle shaft assembly oiling and recovery device. A workpiece rotating and locating assembly can drive a workpiece placed in a V-shaped groove of a front-back moving assemblyto rotate. The front end walls of a left atomization box and a right atomization box are provided with workpiece inlets. Atomizing nozzles are fixed to the upper end, the left end, the right end and the rear end of the interior of each atomization box through guide rods and nozzle supports correspondingly. One ends of multiple pipe inlets at the upper ends of the left and right atomization boxes are connected with the atomizing nozzles, and the other ends of the pipe inlets are connected with oiling valves. The oiling valves are connected with an oil pump through a solenoid valve and then connected with an oil cleaning box. Pipe joints on the upper end walls of the left and right atomization boxes are connected with an electrostatic oil dirt collector, and the electrostatic oil dirt collector is connected with a return oil tank. A plurality of waste oil outlets on the lower end walls of the left and right atomization boxes are connected with the return oil tank. The bottom surfaces ofthe left and right atomization boxes are connected to the moving ends of left and right moving assemblies through bases. The left and right moving assemblies are fixed to a middle frame. The axle shaft assembly oiling and recovery device is uniform in oiling, high in oiling efficiency, free of secondary pollution and damage to an axle shaft assembly and capable of recycling dirty oil.