The invention provides a condition switching method and device. The switching method comprises the following steps: sending a measurement report to a source base station; receiving a condition switching command of the source base station; when the connection failure occurs, performing switching access or performing an RRC reestablishment process in the target cell; wherein the condition switchingcommand comprises a first signal condition, and the first signal condition comprises the signal quality of a neighbor cell or the signal quality difference between the neighbor cell and a source cell.A terminal can initiate switching access under the condition of connection failure, so that the speed of connection recovery after the connection failure can be increased, the success rate of connection establishment is increased, the interruption of data transmission is reduced, and the effect of user experience is improved.