The invention relates to the field of spaceflight measurement and control, and particularly relates to a satellite identification method in a one-arrow multi-satellite task. In order to quickly identify the position of each satellite from satellites launched by the one-arrow multi-satellite task, the invention provides the satellite identification method in the one-arrow multi-satellite task. Theposition of each satellite can be quickly identified by tracking the Doppler frequency of a satellite downlink signal and combining the initial orbit of the satellite by only one circle of tracking. The satellite identification method does not need special equipment, and is easy to operate and accurate in identification.