The invention discloses an agricultural straw recycling device, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural production equipment. The agricultural straw recycling device comprises a recycling box and a crushing box fixedly arranged at the top of the recycling box, the bottom end of the crushing box is communicated with the recycling box, the inner wall of the crushing box is rotatably connected with a crushing roller shaft, a driving device is arranged at the end of the crushing roller shaft, a conveying hopper placed inside the recycling box is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of thecrushing box, a compression box placed below the conveying hopper is fixedly arranged on the bottom wall of the recycling box, a reciprocating mechanism is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of one side of the recycling box through a mounting plate, and a telescopic plate slidably connected into the compression box is fixedly arranged at an output end of the reciprocating mechanism. By the aid ofthe recycling box and the compression box arranged in the recycling box, straws in the compression box are compressed into columnar straws by a compression column, the columnar straws are pushed outof the compression box and the recycling box, the straws are conveniently stored and transported by compression, and the crop straws can be efficiently treated.