The invention discloses a low-frequency noise source positioning device and method based on a vector microphone array. The low-frequency noise source positioning device comprises a carrier loader, anarray support frame, a data collection module, an image collection module, a power module, an industrial personal computer and a plurality of vector microphones; the plurality of vector microphones are fixedly installed on the array support frame, and the plurality of vector microphones are arranged in the form of a grid array; the directions of the plurality of vector microphones are unified; a signal output end of each vector microphone is connected with a signal input end of the data collection module, and the signal output end of the data collection module is connected with the signal input end of the industrial personal computer; the signal output end of the image collection module is connected with the signal input end of the industrial personal computer; and the industrial personalcomputer is loaded with a noise source analysis algorithm program, and the noise source analysis algorithm program is complied on the basis of a beam forming method of microphone array signal processing. The low-frequency noise source positioning device disclosed by the invention can realize the positioning of a low-frequency noise source by using the vector microphone array, and meanwhile can improve the positioning accuracy of low-frequency noise source.