The invention is applicable to the technical field of engineering, and provides a tunnel excavation and support simulation test device. The tunnel excavation and support simulation test device comprises a support assembly and a simulation assembly, wherein the support assembly comprises a support, a telescopic shaft, a support box body and a push oil cylinder; and the push oil cylinder is fixed inthe support, the output end of the push oil cylinder is in transmission connection with the telescopic shaft, and the telescopic shaft penetrates through the outer wall of the support. During use, the excavation device is pushed into a test box of a simulated excavation rock soil body by using the movement of a steel protection barrel, rock soil in the test box is excavated through the rotation of the excavation device and is synchronized with the movement of the steel protection barrel, so that environmental problems such as stratum deformation caused by the construction process such as a push pipe, a soil pressure shield and the like can be simulated, and the construction personnel can acquire the experimental data for prediction and control according to the simulation experiment, so that the excavation of the tunnel can obtain more sufficient data support, and the construction can be carried out more smoothly.