The invention discloses a cotton thread stretching and traction device. The device comprises a bottom plate, wherein vertical columns are arranged at two ends of the bottom plate vertically; sleeves 1which are in sliding connection are sleeved with on the vertical columns; bolts 2 which are in threaded connection are arranged on the side surfaces of the sleeves 1, and the bottoms of the bolts 2 run through the sleeves 1 and abut against the surfaces of the vertical columns; a horizontal support bar is arranged between the two sleeves 1, and is provided with a plurality of clamping slots at equal distances along the length direction; a plurality of clamping blocks are sleeved on the support bar, and rectangular holes are arranged in the middles of the clamping blocks; the support bar penetrates through the rectangular holes, and the clamping blocks are clamped into the clamping slots; and rectangular frames are arranged at the upper ends of the clamping blocks, and notches are arrangedon the sides of the rectangular frames. According to the cotton thread stretching and traction device, the spacing between the rectangular frames is adjusted by clamping the clamping blocks into different clamping slots, so that spacing between cotton threads is adjusted. The adjustment process is simple and efficient, and the height of the rectangular frames is adjusted by adjusting the height of the sleeves 1, so that the tension force is adjusted during the conveying of the cotton threads, and the conveying of the cotton threads is more smooth.