The invention relates to a bismuth extraction method based on bismuth sulfide ore phase conversion. The bismuth extraction method comprises the following steps of, mixing a phase conversion agent andbismuth sulfide ore to obtain mixed slurry, wherein the phase inversion agent comprises sulfonic acid, preferably, the bismuth sulfide ore is bismuth sulfide concentrate; placing the mixed slurry in areaction kettle, performing oxygen pressure phase conversion reaction treatment, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain phase conversion slag and phase conversion liquid; and carrying out acid leaching treatment on the phase inversion slag, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain leachate and leaching slag. The bismuth extraction method can realize selective leaching ofbismuth, reduce the purification burden of impurity elements such as iron, lead, silicon and the like in leaching solution, and simplify the process flow of recovering bismuth products such as subsequent neutralization hydrolysis, electrodeposition.