The invention discloses a heat insulation and cooling system for a heat damaged mine coal face roadway and a method. The system comprises a thermal insulation layer, a metal net layer, a water supplypipeline system, a cooling pipe and a water return pipe. The thermal insulation layer isolates heat transferred by surrounding rock around the roadway, the thermal insulation layer is protected by thecompact metal net layer, radiation heat loss of the human body and the roadway walls can be reduced, the water supply pipeline system takes ground low-temperature water for cooling use, the cooling pipe reduces temperature by aid of cold water, then, upper ribs of the cooling pipe are used for convection heat exchange and radiation heat exchange to reduce temperature in the roadway and temperature of the human body, so that the cooling effect is realized in convection and radiation heat exchange, and besides, the humidity of air in the roadway due to air condensation can be reduced. The mineroadway cooling structure which has low dependence on ventilation equipment, requires no ventilation equipment input, can realize multi-aspect and multi-angle cooling, and is convenient to maintain daily, low in cost and good in cooling effect is provided.