The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy electroplating, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly silver plating process for plating the silver on the surface of an aluminum alloy once. The method specifically comprises the steps of surface polishing and smoothing, roughening treatment, hydroxylation treatment, KH580 surface modification and environment-friendly silver plating. According to the method, the silver layer is directly plated on the Al and Al alloy at a time, the silver layer is compact and is thin and uniform in thickness, the binding force betweenAg and Al is effectively improved, and the cost can be greatly reduced under the condition that the quality is not reduced. According to the present invention, from the perspective of environmental protection and the aspect of environmental sustainable development, the problems of environmental pollution and toxicity are solved because no cyaniding aqueous solution is used.