The invention discloses a solid material identification method based on an acoustic frequency dispersion phenomenon. By means of the solid material identification method based on the acoustic frequency dispersion phenomenon, the identification of unknown solid species can be completed by using only intelligent terminals (such as: smart phones and tablet personal computers) equipped with microphones which can be seen everywhere combined with signal processing and mathematical modeling analysis methods based on the acoustic frequency dispersion phenomenon of sound in solids in physics; and on the basis of the known solid material, whether the material is defective or not can further be known by using the solid material identification method based on the acoustic frequency dispersion phenomenon. According to the solid material identification method based on the acoustic frequency dispersion phenomenon, a tapping sound of different positions of the solid material is obtained through a microphone, and then filtering and noise reduction processing is performed on the sound signal; and the unique representation of the solid material is obtained combined with a mathematical model accordingto the arrival differences among different frequency parts of the sound, so that the final result is obtained and fed back to the user. The solid material identification method based on the acousticfrequency dispersion phenomenon does not require additional hardware support and can ensure the integrity of the material meanwhile, which has low costs and broad application prospects.