The invention discloses a water quality detection device and method for water resource protection and relates to the technical field of water quality detection. The water quality detection device comprises a base plate, wherein one side of the top of the base plate is fixedly connected with a box body, and two sides of the inner wall of the box body are fixedly connected with fixing plates. By adopting the water quality detection device and the water quality detection method for water resource protection, detection workers can control a filter plate according to the amount of garbage in sewage, large garbage in the sewage can be effectively filtered through the arrangement of the filter plate so as to facilitate subsequent better detection, the integrity of subsequent impurity detection inthe sewage is ensured by removing the filter plate, and the water quality can be observed in real time through the arrangement of a camera, the workers do not need observation at any time, fatigue ofthe detection workers is relieved, manual operation of the workers is not needed, time and labor are saved, operation is convenient, and the comprehensiveness and functionality of the water quality detection device are greatly improved.