The invention discloses a dust collection device and an environment-friendly discharge device. The dust collection device comprises a dust collection inner cover and a dust collection outer cover. Theouter side of an outlet of a receiver bin is sleeved with the dust collection inner cover, and thus a second passage with the upper end closed and the lower end open is formed. The outer side of thedust collection inner cover is sleeved with the dust collection outer cover, and the dust collection outer cover and the dust collection inner cover form a first passage with the upper end closed andthe lower end open. The side face of the dust collection outer cover is provided with a dust collection port communicating with the first passage. The first passage sucks raising dust at an opening ofthe lower end of the second passage, and the raising dust is discharged through the dust collection port. A double-layer dust collection cover body is arranged in a dust collection area to form an airtight air curtain on the periphery of a discharge point. Secondary raising dust moves to the dust collection inner cover and then is blocked down. Small dust particles flow over under the action of material flow air pressure and are sucked away by an extraction discharge port at the gap of the dust collection inner and outer covers. Accordingly, the dust collection device can absorb and suppressraising dust ingeniously.