The invention discloses an efficient single-bud cutting propagation method for camellia. The method comprises steps as follows: mixing of humus, peat and perlite for preparation of a cutting matrix, sun exposure disinfection, mounting of a high-pressure dense fog automatic spraying device, selection of humidity and temperature in a plastic greenhouse, a female parent material and cuttings, cuttingtreatment, cutting and field management after cutting. According to the method, through sun exposure of the humus, germs, larvae and worm eggs in the humus can be effectively killed by use of solar ultraviolet light, the cutting matrix is prepared and used for cuttage of the cuttings, the morbidity of diseases and insect pests can be reduced, and the cutting propagation rate can be increased; thehigh-pressure dense fog automatic spraying device, an air humidity and cutting matrix humidity monitoring system, a sunshade net and a light monitoring probe are mounted in the plastic greenhouse, light, humidity and temperature parameters in the whole cutting propagation period of camellia cuttings can be completely and automatically controlled, and the operation repeatability is high.