The invention relates to a three-dimensional gradient periodic structure plate with multiple band gap characteristics. The three-dimensional gradient periodic structure plate comprises a multi-layer solid plate base body, and m rows and n columns of short scatterer columns which are arranged to be raised in each layer of plate according to periodicity or quasi-periodicity. Therefore, a plurality of groups of periodic structure plates with short columns are stacked to form the three-dimensional periodic structure plate. The radius or the side length of the raised short columns on the same layerof the plates can be unchanged or can be gradually changed in the row or column direction according to a certain function rule. In the height direction, the height, radius or side length of each layer of raised short columns is gradually reduced or increased according to a certain function rule to form the three-dimensional gradient periodic structure plate. Each layer of the periodic structure plate has a respective band gap characteristic. That means, elastic waves or sound waves in certain frequencies are significantly suppressed when propagating in the plate. The periodic structure can realize the integrated design of the structure and the vibration isolation system. The structure plate has the advantages of light weight, wide vibration isolation frequency, high reliability and the like. The structure plate has a wide application prospect in the field of engineering vibration isolation.