The invention belongs to the technical field of engine pipeline connection design, and relates to a quick connecting structure of an engine pipeline. The quick connecting structure of the engine pipeline comprises a pipe joint nozzle with a locking socket, a pipe joint and a plug assembly, wherein a plug structure on the plug assembly is matched with the locking socket on the pipe joint nozzle toconnect a pipe joint with the pipe joint nozzle; the locking socket is provided with an L-shaped plug pin groove adapted to receive a pin shaft on a plug so as to achieve axial fixation of the plug and the locking socket; the locking socket is further provided with a notch; and the notch is matched with a key driven by a spring on the plug, and after the plug and the locking socket are axially fixed by pressing the key, the key can enter the notch, so that circumferential locking is achieved. The quick connecting structure of the engine pipeline can be manually and quickly connected without any auxiliary tools.