The invention belongs to the technical field of medical oncology, and particularly discloses an autoantibody joint detection ELISA kit for early screening of esophageal squamous carcinoma. The kit comprises a solid-phase carrier and a tumor-associated antigen coated on the solid-phase carrier, wherein the tumor-associated antigen consists of P53, TP53, CDKN2B and NPM1. Furthermore, the kit comprises sample diluent, a second antibody, second antibody diluent, positive control serum, negative control serum, developing solution, stop solution and washing solution. The ELISA kit is capable of effectively detecting the esophageal squamous carcinoma, especially the early esophageal squamous carcinoma, has detection sensitivity up to 88.8% and specificity up to 86.3%, can be used for the large-scale screening of asymptomatic groups in high-risk areas of the esophageal squamous carcinoma, and is beneficial for the esophageal squamous carcinoma screening and early discovery of the asymptomatichigh-risk groups.