The invention discloses a water-bearing layer segmented grouting curtain water-holding mining method. A water-bearing layer and a coal seam are included. The method includes the steps that a, basic geological parameters are acquired, mining engineering design is carried out, and the direction of underground flow and the position and the size of a first mining area grouting curtain are determined;b, the first mining area grouting curtain is prefabricated in the water-bearing layer above a first protective coal pillar in the flow upstream direction, and then a first mining area is normally stoped until the first mining area is stoped; c, a second mining area grouting curtain is prefabricated in the water-bearing layer, and then a second mining area is stoped; d, the first mining area grouting curtain is removed by recovering the first protective coal pillar or mining the second mining area; and e, a second protective coal pillar 2b and the second mining area grouting curtain 2w are treated according to the working manners of the steps b, c and d, and the rest can be done in the same manner until the whole coal seam is completely mined. Water-holding coal mining is achieved by establishing the curtains, the grouting curtains are automatically removed, and the situation that the curtains cut off supply conditions for a long time, so that the earth surface ecology changes is avoided.