The invention discloses an outdoor track type mobile robot charging system and charging method. The system comprises a track for running a robot, a power supply device and a charging device. The powersupply device comprises an alternating current power supply module and a solar power supply module, the charging device comprises a charging device upper fork portion set on the robot and a charginglower fork portion combined with the charging upper fork portion, and the solar power supply module includes a plurality of solar panels mounted on the track. The system simultaneously has the solar power supply module and the alternating current power supply module, the system can be automatically switched to alternating current for charging when the solar energy is insufficient, two power supplies can be automatically switched, the work of the robot is not affected, the solar energy can be used as an energy of the robot, the system is energy-saving and environment-friendly, the multiple solar panels are set on the track, enough power can be obtained by conversion, the load of the robot is reduced, the work efficiency of the robot is improved, and the service life of the robot is prolonged.