The invention relates to a perpendicularity detection device of a wall column template. The perpendicularity detection device comprises a vertical rod, a horizontal rule, a vertical rule, an epitaxialrod, a first locking shaft mechanism, a second locking shaft mechanism and a fine regulator, wherein a left end of the horizontal rule is connected with the vertical rod by the first locking shaft mechanism, a right end of the horizontal rule is a movable end, the epitaxial rod is arranged below the horizontal rule and is connected with the vertical rod, a lower end of the vertical rod is connected with the epitaxial rod by the second locking shaft mechanism, an upper end of the vertical rule is a free end, a fixed device is arranged on the vertical rule and comprises a plurality of pulleys,a part of pulleys are arranged above the horizontal rule and attached onto an upper surface of the horizontal rule, a part of pulleys are arranged below the horizontal rule and attached onto a lower surface of the horizontal rule, and the fine regulator is arranged on the fixed device and is used for allowing the vertical rule and the horizontal rule to be closely contacted when the vertical ruleis perpendicular to the horizontal rule. The perpendicularity detection device has the beneficial effects that the whole set of perpendicularity detection device is small in size occupancy and is convenient to use under the condition that a rack in a building is relatively intensive.