The invention relates to a friction self-locking mechanism of a lifting column and the lifting column with the friction self-locking mechanism. The friction self-locking mechanism of the lifting column comprises a friction part and a connecting part which are mounted at a driving end of the lifting column in a sleeving mode and rotate along with the driving end; the friction part and the connecting part are located on the inner side and the outer side of a driving box correspondingly; the driving end is rotationally assembled together with the driving box of the lifting column through the axial limiting function of the friction part and the connecting part; the friction part acts on the outer side surface of the driving box, and thus the friction force for achieving self-locking is provided; and the connecting part is used for being connected with a transmission device in the driving box, and thus the rotation power of a motor is transmitted. The friction self-locking mechanism of thelifting column and the lifting column have the beneficial effects that the self-locking force of the friction self-locking mechanism is increased along with increase of loads so as to bear high loads,the situation that the self-locking force is decreased after repeated running is avoided, meanwhile the cost is reduced, and the assembling procedures are simplified.