The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge processing, and discloses an oil-containing sludge resource processing method. According to the oil-containing sludge resource processing method,an organic high molecular polymer which is large in specific surface area and possesses surface lipophilic hydrophobic characteristic is adopted to adsorb oil in the oil-containing sludge, and organic solvent extraction recycling and distillation are adopted to realize separation of different components. The oil content of solid phase dirt obtained using the oil-containing sludge resource processing method is lower than 0.2%, petroleum hydrocarbon removing rate is 99% or higher, and oil recovery rate is high. Before adding of the high molecular polymer, a mixed solution of the oil-containingsludge and water is subjected to ultrasonic processing under specific conditions to reduce the combination tightness of soil particles with petroleum hydrocarbon, so that effective separation of oil drops and soil particles is realized, it is beneficial for full adsorption of the organic high molecular polymer on petroleum hydrocarbon in oil-containing sludge, and the removing rate of the method on oil in oil-containing sludge is increased.