The invention provides an ice-based buoy ocean current power generation device, and belongs to the technical field of power supply of polar ocean exploration equipment. The ice-based buoy ocean current power generation device can provide a supplementing power supply for polar or ocean exploration equipment, can charge a storage battery even under a polar cold environment, and strengthens power supply cruising ability of the exploration equipment. Ocean current flow velocity of polar ice shallow ocean is slightly affected by a seasonal environment, and an ocean current flow velocity change rateis not great; blades are mounted in ice ocean, and are impacted by ocean current to drive a power generator shaft to rotate, so that power is generated; alternating-current power generated by the power generator charges the storage battery after being rectified, so that the supplementing power supply is provided for the polar exploration equipment, and cruising ability of equipment power supply is strengthened. The ice-based buoy ocean current power generation device also can be used for power supply of ice exploration equipment after a riverway in north China or an offshore area is iced in winter.