The invention provides a method for extracting and separating tetrafluoropropanol and water with a hydrophobic imidazole-based ionic liquid. Hydrophobic ionic liquids such as imidazole trifluoromethanesulfonate and imidazole hexafluorophosphate have separation effects on tetrafluoropropanol and water. The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps: introducing a mixed solution of tetrafluoropropanol and water from the bottom of an extraction tower; introducing an ionic liquid from the top of the tower; performing multistage countercurrent extraction; extracting a raffinate phase from the top of the tower; allowing an extraction phase to flow out from the bottom of the tower; introducing the extraction phase into a rectifying tower; extracting tetrafluoropropanol from the top of the rectifying tower; and extracting the ionic liquid from the bottom of the rectifying tower. The method has advantages of simple process and easy operation, can obtainhigh-purity tetrafluoropropanol after treatment, uses the hydrophobic ionic liquid as an extractant to improve the effect of extracting and separating tetrafluoropropanol and water, adopts a rectification process to effectively separate the mixed solution of tetrafluoropropanol and the ionic liquid, can recycle the ionic liquid to the extraction tower to reduce the consumption of the extractant, and can obtain the ionic liquid with high recovery rate in the rectifying tower to reduce cost of the raw materials.