The invention discloses a two-dimensional regional sample elastic curve-based textile spinning quality control method. The method includes following steps of: A, sampling; B, the acquisition of elastic discrete numerical values; C, the acquisition of an elastic continuous curve; D, one-dimensional spatial data analysis; E, two-dimensional spatial data modeling; F, three-dimensional spatial data analysis; G, textile spinning sample area quality analysis; and H, fault display and alarm. With the method and the special testing device used in a matched manner, the rapid automatic quality inspection and control of textile spinning product production workshops can be realized.