The invention discloses a transparent constant-temperature heating apparatus and method with a self-detection and calibration function, which belongs to the field of contact melting and heat transferresearch, is used for heating and melting a phase-changing material at a constant temperature by combining a laser interference measuring technique, and assists the research on the thickness change ofa micro liquid membrane in the contact melting process. The transparent constant-temperature heating apparatus comprises a water-bath heating module, a temperature monitoring module, a computer collection and processing module and a feedback heating module. The basic constant-temperature heating function is realized by using the high heat conduction of foam metal and strong disturbance characteristic of a convection field; the passing of an interference light path is ensured by using conductive glass coated with an antireflection film; the temperature field on a flat surface can be monitoredonline during the operation of the apparatus by using a single-value correspondence between the resistance and temperature of a temperature measuring unit; an instruction is transmitted by the feedback heating module by using a temperature signal collected by the computer collection and processing module; and a heating circuit of the feedback heating module is used for realizing a self-calibrationcompensation temperature control function, so that the constant-temperature overall heating with higher accuracy can be realized.