The invention discloses a composite material based fabricated heavy-load traffic road pavement paving structure, and belongs to the technical field of road paving. The paving structure includes a baselayer. The characteristic of the base layer is that an asphalt mortar layer and a fabricated composite material structure layer are paved on the top surface of the base layer from bottom to top. Thefabricated composite material structure layer is formed by assembling and paving multiple composite material pavement prefabricated blocks. The prefabricated blocks and the asphalt mortar layer are bonded by an emulsified asphalt viscous layer having a thickness of 0.5-1 cm. The prefabricated blocks are bonded before through a polyurethane composite material. The composite material pavement prefabricated blocks are prefabricated from a matrix high-viscosity elastic asphalt mixture and the polyurethane composite material. Compared with the prior art, The pavement paving structure of the invention has the advantages of low thickness, remarkable rutting resistance, short construction period, convenient maintenance and the like and has good popularization and application value.