The invention discloses a hemodialysis guide tube cleaning and sterilizing device which comprises a working table, a washing box, a moving mechanism, an outer wall washing mechanism and an inner wallwashing mechanism. The working table is provided with a sliding groove. The washing box is installed in the sliding groove in a sliding fit manner. The moving mechanism is connected to the lower end of the washing box. The outer wall washing mechanism is installed at the upper end of the washing box. The inner wall washing mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the washing box. The outer wall washing mechanism comprises a storing plate, a clamping branch chain, a first cleaning plate, a second cleaning plate, a transmission gear, a transition gear, a driving frame, a driving gear and a driving motor. The clamping branch chain comprises a working frame, a working motor, a working gear, a driven rotating rod, a supporting ring, a clamping plate, a pressing frame and a guide frame. The device can solve the problems that at present, in the hemodialysis guide tube cleaning and sterilizing process, the labor working efficiency is low, washing is not thorough, in the washing process, a hemodialysis guide tube falls off easily, and washing liquid is splashed outside easily.