The invention discloses an electric energy metering data verification system for an electric power retail market. The system comprises an intelligent electric energy meter, an acquisition terminal, anacquisition master station, an electricity selling main body and a data verification master station, and the intelligent electric energy meter, the acquisition terminal, the acquisition master station and the electricity selling main body calculate verification codes corresponding to electric energy metering data acquired at the end of a preset verification period through a chain algorithm; The data verification master station receives the electric energy metering data from the power client side, and calculates a verification code corresponding to the electric energy metering data collected at the end of a preset verification cycle by adopting a chain algorithm; And the check codes calculated by the intelligent electric energy meter, the acquisition terminal, the acquisition master station and the electricity selling main body is compared with the check codes calculated by the intelligent electric energy meter, the acquisition terminal, the acquisition master station and the electricity selling main body to judge whether the electric energy metering data is tampered. The invention also discloses a corresponding method. A data verification master station is introduced, electric energy metering data verification values are calculated in all links of the data verification master station and data transmission, and tampering of the electric energy metering data in which link is judged by comparing the verification values.