The invention discloses a medicine taking behavior identification method and system for a tuberculosis patient. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a medicine taking video uploaded bya first terminal; performing feature recognition according to the medicine taking video to obtain a feature recognition result; judging whether the patient takes medicine or not according to the feature recognition result, if yes, updating a medicine taking record, and ending the process; Otherwise, prompt information is sent to the first terminal to prompt the patient to upload the medicine taking video again. The medicine taking video is uploaded by the patient at the first terminal, so that the patient can be effectively supervised to take medicine without taking medicine under the face view of a supervisor. The rejection psychology of the patient is reduced. The probability that the patient infects tuberculosis to a normal person in the round-trip process is reduced, and compared withthe prior art. The method is safer. The composition can be widely applied to the field of disease prevention and treatment.