The invention particularly relates to a cow behavior image acquisition and body condition intelligent monitoring system based on binocular vision. The system comprises a data acquisition module and adata processing module which are installed on a dairy cow walking channel. wherein the data acquisition module is composed of two cameras of the same model, the two cameras acquire cow tail images andoutput the cow tail images to the data processing module, and the data processing module obtains the distance from cow tails to the cameras through parallax processing and carries out processing by using an artificial intelligence processing algorithm to obtain cow scoring data. The system adopts an artificial intelligence technology to convert the body condition score into a classification problem, and utilizes a deep learning algorithm to have the characteristics of high precision, high reliability, strong real-time performance and the like; Meanwhile, the system is fully automatic, manualassistance is not needed, cooperation of dairy cows is not needed, and key parts are automatically captured and scored; Besides, as an expensive depth camera is not needed, and only a common camera isneeded, the cost is greatly reduced, and the method is very suitable for popularization and application.