The invention discloses a magnetic immunochemiluminescence detection method for PD-L1 exosomes and belongs to the technical field of rapid in-vitro detection. A kit used in detection contains an antibody A, an antibody B, a porous metal foam-filled hollow column, and a magnet; the antibody A is a chemiluminescent molecule exosomal antibody or an enzyme-labeled exosomal antibody which is capable ofmaking a substrate emit light; the antibody B is a magnetic bead-labeled exosomal antibody; at least one of the antibody A and antibody B is an exosome PD-L1 antibody. The detection method includes the following steps that: the antibody A, the antibody B and a sample are incubated; efficient capture and separation are realized by means of the porous metal foam magnet; and after impurities are cleaned, a magnetic field is removed, and a double-antibody sandwiched composite is collected and detected. The method integrates sample incubation, magnet efficient capture and separation, and rapid detection, and has the advantages of convenient operation, rapid detection, low cost and the like.