The invention discloses an interferometry system error calibration method based on optical plane stripe image processing. A measuring system is regarded as a whole, a group of interference fringe images of a measured object are firstly shot, then a measuring optical system is kept still, an optical plane is installed at the position of the measured object, the interference fringe images are shot,and finally errors of an actual measuring optical system are calibrated by processing the optical plane fringe images. The method is simple to operate, can calibrate and measure the error of the optical system only by shooting and processing a group of interference fringe images of the optical plane, and compensates the measurement result of the measured curved surface. The method is wide in application range and can be used for error calibration of several common interferometry systems, and the precision of the interferometry systems is improved. By adopting the method, the parameters betweenthe simulation calculation and the actual measurement optical system can be unified, so that the result of the computer simulation calculation is taken as the measurement reference, the use of a physical reference is avoided, the measurement cost is reduced, and the measurement flexibility is improved.