The invention provides a machine head mechanism of a coal plough conveyor and an installing and dismantling method. A machine head connecting plate is connected with a connecting part between a powerpart and a machine head; the machine head is provided with a left pressing block, a right pressing block, a sprocket shaft group, a chain pushing device, a guard plate and a machine head frame; the sprocket shaft group, the chain pushing device, the guard plate and the machine head frame are arranged side by side between the left pressing block and the right pressing block; the left pressing blockis connected to one end of the sprocket shaft group, and the right pressing block is connected to the other end of the sprocket shaft group; the chain pushing device is matched with the sprocket shaft group; the left pressing block is connected to one end surface of the guard plate, and the right pressing block is connected to the other end surface of the guard plate; the guard plate is providedwith a groove, and the chain pushing device is disposed in the groove; and the left pressing block is connected to one end surface of the machine head frame, and the right pressing block is connectedto the other end surface of the machine head frame. A machine head body does not need to be transported to a site as a whole, dismantling is carried out according to the on-site conditions, on-site installation is carried out, transportation and assembly are facilitated, and the performance can be adjusted according to actual needs.