The invention relates to a method for controlling the total oxygen content of a steel ingot in an electroslag remelting process. The method comprises the steps that 1, when a consumable electrode is produced, one or more of pure aluminum, aluminum alloy and magnesium calcium alloy are used for carrying out deoxidation treatment on molten steel produced by a converter or an electric furnace, a ladle containing the molten steel is prepared from magnesia refractory materials in a ramming mode, and after the molten steel in the ladle is subjected to deep deoxidation and alloying, a magnesium alkaline covering agent is added into the ladle; 2, the surface of the consumable electrode is subjected to rust removal and decontamination treatment in a shot blasting or acid pickling mode, and aluminumis coated on the surface of the consumable electrode; 3, unstable oxide brought in slag is removed; and 4, ignition slag blocks are sprinkled on a bottom water tank, and the treated slag is added toa crystallizer. The method has the advantages that the total oxygen content of the steel ingot is reduced from average 25ppm to average 15ppm, the cleanliness of the electroslag steel ingot is greatlyimproved, and good conditions are created for development of high value-added steel.