The invention relates to the technical field of ecological river and lake waterway desilting, in particular to a river and lake waterway desilting and screening device. The river and lake waterway desilting and screening device is characterized in that the river and lake waterway desilting and screening device comprises a rotating roller which is obliquely arranged and a driving mechanism used fordriving the rotating roller to rotate, a cylinder of which the two ends are open is adopted as the rotating roller, the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with guiding sheets used for stirring silt and guiding the silt to the oblique horizontal low direction of the cylinder, and the cylinder wall of the cylinder is provided with screening holes used for screening coarse and fine silt. According to the river and lake waterway desilting and screening device, the structure is simple and reasonable, and the silt cleaned in a waterway can be conveniently, efficiently and uniformly screened.