The present invention provides a video live data transmission method and device. The method comprises the following steps: a preset peer-to-peer node determines a waiting duration; the preset peer-to-peer node acquires a current historical delay duration; when the waiting duration is greater than the sum of the historical delay duration and a preset frame transmission duration, the preset peer-to-peer node generates a request for acquiring a second data frame; and the preset peer-to-peer node sends the request to the server and receives the second data frame sent by the server. The device comprises a waiting duration determining module, a historical delay duration acquiring module, a request generating module, and a second data frame receiving module. Through the waiting duration, the preset peer-to-peer node is determined to generate a request for acquiring the second data frame and the server is requested to receive the second data frame, thereby preventing the preset peer-to-peer node from being affected by network fluctuations of other peer-to-peer nodes, ensuring smooth data transmission and reducing the need to repeatedly send the data frames.