The invention discloses a camera-based plasma chyle and hemolysis detection device and method. The method comprises steps: blood or plasma image information in a sample test tube stored in a test tubegrid is taken through the camera; based on the image taken by the camera, a plasma chyle degree and hemolysis degree detection result is generated through a signal processing system; corresponding control signals are triggered, and the control signals are then sent to a motor; the motor rotates according to the control signals of the signal processing system, and the amplitude of rotating drivesthe rotating turn number of a corresponding power wheel; the information of a test tube in a test tube grid, the chyle degree and hemolysis degree detection result of the plasma in the test tube and the control signals of the signal processing system are stored by a storage device; and a power supply provides working power for the camera, the storage device, the signal processing system and the motor. The device and the method disclosed in the invention are high in accuracy and practicability and can be widely used in the technical field of medical equipment.