The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity and high-electricity-conductivity ceramic matrix composite material containing three-dimensional orderly graphene. The method is technically characterized by comprising the steps of pretreatment of graphene preparation, slurry preparation, orderly assembly of graphene, preparation of a semi-compact composite material, processing of a directional channel, backfilling and secondary compacting for preparing the composite material. According to the technical scheme, a graphene/fiber core-shell structure well wrapped by graphene can be prepared in short time, and interface assembly is achieved; the directional channel is processed for the semi-compact composite material, graphene assembly in the thickness direction iscompleted through backfilling, and after compacting, the composite material can be prepared. According to the preparation method, the technology is stable, the repeatability is high, the cost is low,the yield is high, the final heat conductivity of the composite material can be increased by 10-50 times, and the electricity conductivity is increased by 50-300 times.