The invention discloses a rail traffic compensation type three-phase alternating current voltage stabilizer. The voltage stabilizer comprises a self-coupling compensation type three-phase main circuit, a compensation control unit, a trigger unit and an error detection control unit. Each phase main circuit comprises a compensation transformer, a self-coupling transformer, a thyristor switching group and a relay protection switch. The identical compensation mode is adopted for achieving compensation. The compensation control unit outputs three-phase trigger control signals to the trigger unit and the error detection control unit; the trigger unit sends out the trigger signals according to the input trigger control signals to control on-off of a thyristor in the thyristor switching group in the three-phase main circuit; the error detection control unit starts/stops protection of the thyristor switching group in the three-phase main circuit by judging whether or not the input three-phase trigger control signals are wrong. While interlocking control is achieved, the voltage stabilizer further performs open-circuit protection on the thyristor switching group by judging whether or not logic error appears on the control circuit, the protective effort for abnormal alternating current voltage stabilizing work is effectively enhanced, and the voltage stabilizing process is more stable andreliable.