An embodiment of the invention provides an asphalt pavement quality detection method and device. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a temperature distribution map of an asphalt pavement to be detected; obtaining quality parameters of the asphalt pavement to be detected according to the temperature distribution map and a stored parameter model library; obtaining quality detection results of the asphalt pavement to be detected based on analysis of the quality parameters of the asphalt pavement to be detected. Therefore, the quality parameters of the asphalt pavement to be detected can be quickly obtained without manual detection, and the quality detection results of the asphalt pavement to be detected are obtained. Labor cost is saved, and the method and the device have thecharacteristics of high efficiency, wide detection range and the like.